Currency Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Currency Act - Essay Example The government could decide to sidestep the initial referendum because of its own notion that such votes are not legally binding; in this respect it would be correct (Mendelsohn and Parkin 47-51). The fact remains, however, that the original Currency Act held that the pound sterling could not be changed as the official currency of Great Britain until a referendum had been held. By bypassing this element of the original Act, the British government could be held accountable for the changed currency in any way prosecutors saw fit. The change from the pound sterling into the weaker euro could mean that any number of businesses would face monetary challenges in the way of investment, wages and ultimately in profit; if the right people with the means to bring the issue up did so, the government would have to admit it simply ignored the referendum aspect of the original Currency Act. Despite the fact that an amendment or repeal to the Currency Act is, in effect, illegal without referendum, the establishment of the euro as the official currency of Great Britain would not be too difficult a feat if the government was decided on a course of action. This is particularly true because of the European Monetary Institute.

Is it better to live in a small city or a big city Essay

Is it better to live in a small city or a big city - Essay Example towns (smaller cities) often referred to as the ‘countryside’, come with a pollution free environment and a close social network that is up-close and personal, but with a dull and never varying lifestyle. To compare the two in a dispassionate manner and adjudicate which is the better one would indeed be an onerous task. Whether one prefers the anonymity of a large city, or whether one prefers the close social familiarity of a small township, often depends on the temperament of the concerned person. For me, it is the big cities that I find to be completely mesmerizing and full of excitement, with their ever changing colors, affordable amenities, and easy going lifestyle. Large cities also tend to suit my style with their less personal social set ups. Living in a large city has its own special advantages. To begin with, we will find that certain basic amenities like health and transport are better provided for, in a large city. Transportation especially, is far easier when compared to smaller cities or towns. In the latter, public transportation is few and far between, and so it becomes essential that the inhabitants have vehicles of their own. Cities, on the other hand, offer a large number of choices, ranging from buses, to taxis, to trains, and even subways, in some cases. It is always cheaper to go for public transportation than using one’s own vehicle, an option that is often missing in the small towns. A city life is multidimensional, and offers a host of choices, both in lifestyle and career. A person may wish to remain anonymous, and not like too many social interactions. A large city would be able to provide him with this cover. If on the other hand, he prefers a gay social life, a large city would again be able to offer him with a variety of choices like pubs, restaurants and clubs, which are ideal for such mix ups and gatherings. The best thing that a city can offer is a social life that does not try to get too personal. This characteristic of

Criticism of the government Essay Example for Free

Criticism of the government Essay In naming people, the girls were probably projecting their own guilt onto others. In this assignment, The Crucible by Arthur Miller I am going to explore the whole situation to discover from where I think the evil came from. In order to do this, I am going to need to analyse some of the characters and state how much I think they contributed to the real evil in Salem. Firstly there is Samuel Parris. He is a very memorable character. Throughout the play, his character comes across as nasty, cold and cunning but underneath that bold exterior we see that he is an insecure and cowardly man who is easily intimidated by those of higher power in order to achieve what he believes to be a high status. Because of this, and the fact that he is widowed and has never been able to care for children, anyone who has read the play will find Parris unfit to be a father to his only daughter Betty, let alone be a minister of Salem. Due to his insecurity, Parris is paranoid that whatever he does, or wherever he goes he is being judged, as Arthur Miller states in his introduction, He believed he was being persecuted wherever he went, despite his best efforts to win people and God to his side. As he thinks of himself as a man of importance to the ordinary people of Salem, because he is a minister of Salem, he is over-sensitive and easily offended, even if someone rose to shut the door without first asking his permission. Between the very start of the play and the very end, there is quite a change in Samuel Parris character so our feelings towards him change also. As a member of an audience first watching the play, I would have no idea of the characteristics of Parris, which are described above, so when Parris first appears I am not biased towards him, and, in fact pity him as he kneels helplessly at the bedside of his daughter, although this feeling does not last long. We can see through Parris actions throughout the play that he is actually quite a foolish man. Although it is obvious that there are many others who can be blamed for the start of the witch-hunts in Salem, Samuel Parris is to blame on many occasions. For instance, his inability to handle the situation, the dancing in the woods, where he found his daughter, niece and other young girls in the wood, doing what he thought to be conjuring spirits, and Bettys state of unconsciousness. Parris could have handled the situation with humour, realising that such young girls were most probably unable to conjure spirits, and that Betty may have reacted like she did out of fear and hysteria. In this scene we find that Parris is very selfish as he cares more for his reputation than for the well being of his only daughter. He says that he does not wish to leap to withcraft for the cause of Bettys state when he says, Let him look to medicine and put out all thought of unnatural causes here. There be none. We believe that he is worried about his daughter and does not wish to let himself believe that there might be some evil presence with a hold on Betty, but it soon becomes apparent that he is only worried about his reputation and how his enemies will try and use Bettys condition against him, Now look you child, your punishment will come in its time. But if you trafficked with spirits in the forest I must know it now, for surely my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it. Parris can also be quite cruel. Instead of bringing up his niece Abigail as a cherished member of his family, he sends her out to work as a maid to the families of the village. Because of this, and all the previous discoveries made about Parris, it is easy for the audience to start to see his character differ from how it was at the very start of the play. We start to resent Parris, and start to see the cunning and selfish character of Parris, as described in Arthur Millers introduction to the play. One action that proves just how prone to act before thinking Parris is, is when he calls for Reverend Hale of Beverly, an expert in seeking out unnatural presences, although he has already stated that he does not want to look to unnatural causes to find the source of Bettys condition. He then progresses to tell Mr Hale that he caught the girls in the woods conjuring spirits, Why, sir-I discovered her and my niece and ten or twelve of the other girls, dancing in the forest last night. There was absolutely no need for Parris to have told Hale that. If he had not told him then Hale would have eventually have had to come to some conclusion about what was wrong with Betty and even if he did say it was to do with the unnatural world, Samuel Parris, nor any of the girls could be held responsible. It is doubtful that any of the girls would have confessed it themselves as the other girls threatened those who came close to telling. Later on in the play, Parris realises this early mistake he has made even though by now it is too late to save himself. After Hale eventually manages to get the girls to confess to have conjured spirits, we see a great change in Parris views towards witchcraft. He no longer wishes to stay away from the possibility of unnatural causes; in fact he does all he can to put all the blame on it when he finds that he can use it to his advantage. Parris seems to find it his responsibility to make matters worse for anyone accused of witchcraft, as with anyone whos testament may stand in the way of him achieving what he wants. As the girls make wild accusations about the poor innocent members of the Salem community, Parris makes senseless claims that make it seem like the girls are telling the truth. He does the same with anyone who tries to defend someone he has accused. He does this solely for his own benefit. Take for example when, in Act three, Judge Danforth asks John Proctor, Now, what deposition do you have for us, Mr Proctor? to which Proctor replies Its a sort of testament. The people signing it declare their good opinion or Rebecca, and my wife, and Martha Corey. Parris tries to enforce doubt into the minds of those present by questioning the validity of his argument, Their good opinion! though thankfully, he does this to no avail. Parris character stays pretty much the same throughout the duration of the play. He continues to ruin peoples lives. He is quite wise as he is able to manipulate peoples words to make it sound as if they are confessing to have trafficked with the devil. Nearing the end of the play, when John Proctor has been accused of witchcraft and is to be hanged, Parris character changes somewhat. Prior to the accusation against Proctor, Parris has slandered John Proctor and Giles to judge Danforth so that they will not be believed because he knows that if they are, it will look bad on his part. Soon after Proctor is accused, the people of Salem, who had always applauded the execution of witches, realised that the innocent were being killed. They chose to take out their anger on Parris and he received death wishes, one being a dagger in his door. This is what brings on the peculiar difference in his character. With his vain attempts, he tries to get Proctor to admit to witchcraft although he knows hes not guilty of it. Parris reason for doing this is clear to the audience, and our beliefs that he is a selfish man are confirmed. There are also many others who can be blamed for the Salem witch-trials. One other is Abigail Williams. I think that Abigail is the main, and close to being the only cause of the witch hunts in Salem. In comparison to all the other characters that I will describe, she is relatively young, yet she seems to be the wisest in the art of corruption and deceit. As with every character in the play, as a member of the audience I know nothing about Abigails character other done what she shows through how she portrays herself on stage. Because of this, when we first meet Abigails character, we have no previously existing feelings towards her. We first see Abigail when she has just entered the bedroom of her cousin Betty, who lies inert on her bed after the shock of being caught dancing in the woods. Her character seems to be gentle and caring. We soon learn that she is not so innocent because of two things she does, or has done. The first is the news of the cruel deed that she is supposed to have committed against Elizabeth Proctor, as Parris says Abigail, is there any other cause than you have told me, for your being discharged from Goody Proctors service she comes so rarely to church this year for she will not sit so close to something soiled. What signified that remark? By the way that she responds to this, it is simple to see that she is very aware of how she feels about people, and cares nothing about the respect she should show them, through what she says, She hates me, uncle, she must, for I would not be her slave. Its a bitter woman, a lying, cold, snivelling, woman, and I will not work for such a woman! The second is the change in attitude she has towards Betty. She claims that she will never do anything to harm Betty, I would never hurt Betty. I love her dearly. But as soon as Parris has left the room, we see that she is conniving and all that she said whilst Parris was in the room was an act. Immediately we grow to resent Abigail as we have seen her for just a short while, yet she has already been deceitful to someone that she should have great respect for. Abigail, in fact, has no real care for Betty. Her only care is that Betty does not land her in trouble. Once Parris has left the room, Abigail becomes more aggressive in her attempts to get Betty out of her unconscious state, Betty? Now stop this! Betty! Sit up now! Abigail is a person who easily intimidates her peers. I personally think that the other girls allow her to be so dominant over them as they think that she has no fear of anyone because of what happened to her parents, I saw Indians smash my dear parents heads on the pillow next to mine, and I have seen some reddish work done at night, and I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down! There is much that can be said about Abigail, and her contribution to the evil in Salem. As Mary Warren tells her early on in the play, all Abigail has to do, to save her own, and many others lives, is admit to having had danced in the woods. If she had been straight with Parris and told him everything that went on in the woods instead of blaming it on Tituba then she, along with the other girls who participated, would have only been whipped for their dancing. When Abigail and Proctor are first seen together in Bettys room, we see once more the lack of Abigails innocence as we find out about the pairs brief encounter, Give me a soft word, John. A soft word. The manner in which Abigail talks to Proctor is not of that of a child, so any beliefs that we assumed about the innocence of her character are dashed. When Reverend Hale first arrives and begins to question Abigail, she is frightened of the thought of being caught, and then when Hale simply asks if she was forced into it by Tituba, she finds a useful way of shifting the blame away from her, and onto someone that she herself knows is entirely innocent. Because of this our feelings towards Abigail change dramatically. Not only has her character lost its innocence, but it has also gained a streak of deceit, cruelty, and cowardice. Out of pure fear for her life, Tituba confesses to having had conjured spirits, but when Abigail joins her in confessing, it is done purely to alleviate her from the guilt of letting Tituba take all the blame. The fact that the other girls soon join in after Abigail either symbolises the same thing it did with Abigail or just shows how much power Abigail expresses other them. Because of the fact that Tituba is supposed to be a cherished friend of all the girls, how easily the girls can blame her comes as a shock, and just shows how far from kind the girls are. Unknowingly the adults actually fuel the start of the witch-hunts as they feed the girls with names of people that can be held liable of committing the crime. However, Abigail is fully aware of what the adults are doing and uses it to her advantage. The other girls follow Abigail, but only out of the hysteria. This event helps to inspire Abigail. Throughout the rest of the play, Abigail uses this technique to claim that she saw people with the devil. She is believed by the court officials because, as judge Danforth says, witchcraft is ipso facto, on its face and by its nature, an invisible crime, is it not? Therefore, who may possibly be witness to it? The witch and the victim. As I have already stated, Abigail is clever and it does not take her long to realise that she can blame people that she wishes to take revenge on, whatever the reason may be. For example, Abigail accuses Elizabeth Proctor because she wants her out of the way so that John Proctor will return to her. Abigail seems heartless as she jeers when she sees people that she knows are innocent being hanged. For this reason, and many others that I have described, including her infatuation with John Proctor, I blame Abigail for the Salem witch-trials. She contributed more than most of the others. Although it is not his fault, John Hale can be blamed for the conviction of people accused of witchcraft. However, John Hale did not contribute much to the evil. Through all of his actions, John Hale acts honestly and is genuinely convinced that the people are possessed. Hale is a minister who specialises in ascertaining witchcraft. He is convinced that he can tell if a person is possessed, and does not mean to cause any harm when he uses his gift to convince people to confess to trafficking. The accused know that confession is the only way of staying alive, but, at this moment, Hale is oblivious to it. Fortunately, Hale realises what is going on, after he is confronted by Proctor when he speaks of how many have confessed to witchcraft, why not, if they must die for denyin it? There are them that will swear to anything before theyll hang: have you never thought of that? Hale is truly remorseful and from that point on, does everything in his power to resolve the situation. But, with Hales case, although he does nothing to promote it, it shows how much image overpowers common sense. Hale brings with him weird books and he is thought of as a great healer, whereas Giles Coreys wife is hanged for reading books that could have been just like Hales. Compared to most of the other characters, the Putnams played a relatively small part in their contribution. In these times, it was thought that if a child died young it was the mothers failure as a woman. Ann has had seven of her eight children die at a young age and is ashamed of what the townspeople must think of her. Because of this we pity her. When Goody Osburn is blamed, Ann is relieved and is quick to find that she can now use Goody Osburn as the reason her children died, as she states, just after Goody Osburn is charged, I knew it! Goody Osburn were midwife to me three times. I begged you, Thomas, did I not? I begged him not call Osburn because I feared her. My babies always shrivelled in her hands! Unlike Ann, Thomas Putnam does not act out of grief, but out of greed. For this reason, we dont pity Thomas, and, in fact, feel resentment towards him, as he is heartless. He feels absolutely no guilt or remorse in falsely testifying in court about someone that he wants something from. For instance, Thomas Putnam convinces his daughter Ruth to cry witchery on George Jacobs so that he will be arrested, as it is obvious that such a man will not admit to working with unnatural spirits. This was because the law on witchcraft was, if someone was executed after being accused of witchery, but does not admit to it, then their land becomes state property, which means that anyone can buy it. Giles Corey realises that Putnam is acting out of greed and heads straight to court, in an attempt to overthrow the court, as Danforth questions Putnam I have here an accusation by Mr Corey against you. He states that you coldly prompted your daughter to cry witchery upon George Jacobs that is now in jail. John Proctor can also be blamed because from the start, he could have brought the situation to a halt if he had not been such a coward. From the start, Elizabeth tries to tell John Proctor of the dangers of Abigail but he does not seem to grasp just how dangerous the situation might become, until it is too late.

Type 2 Diabetes Leg Ulcer Case Study

Type 2 Diabetes Leg Ulcer Case Study This essay will focus on Molly who is an 82-year-old female who has type II diabetes and has developed a leg ulcer. This essay will primarily focus on Molly’s leg ulcer. It will also discuss how primary health care (PHC) relates to the patient, how it can assist Molly with her health problems, providing her sufficient information and adequate care. Two principals will be discussed from the Wellness Model, these include ‘positivity is empowerment’ and ‘wellness is an active process’ and how it relates to Molly’s situation. A learning program will also be presented; this will discuss two teaching methods in regards to the leg ulcer and new skills and behaviors that can benefit Molly. It will also discuss what other health professionals can be included in her care and resources that can support her learning. The essay will also discuss the support that can be given to her husband after she has passed away. The leg ulcer that Molly has developed can impact on her life dramatically, it may cause Molly to feel self-conscious, it can force Molly to socially isolate herself from the community and spend her time indoors. It may also affect her health, due to the leg ulcer; she will be unable to mobilize independently due to pain, increasing the risk of more pressure ulcers. Primary healthcare (PHC) is essential care that is made to be accessible to all people. It is based on various factors such as practical, scientifically, technology and socially acceptable methods. It requires the full participation of individuals and it is important that primary healthcare is affordable to maintain self-reliance and self-determination (Koutoukidis, Stainton, Hughson, 2013). Primary health care has an important aspect to Molly’s health, it can assist Molly’s developed leg ulcer. PHC will provide her with the sufficient information and adequate care that she will need to manage the leg ulcer . It is very important for Molly to receive the appropriate care that she requires as it will allow her to understand her condition (Koutoukidis, Stainton, Hughson, 2013). Molly is financially stable, as she has been seeking medical treatment, where she has to treatment for her leg ulcer. The local GP has also recommended for Molly that she should sit with her leg up to promote healing. PHC will also allow Molly to contribute in decision-making, this will permit her to have a say in the care she will receive, and make her feel in control of the situation and to maintain her independence (Koutoukidis, Stainton, Hughson, 2013). Wellness is defined as having maximum health, it relates to an individual making a decision that contributes in improving their health and gives an opportunity for them to be able to live to their full potential (Koutoukidis, Stainton, Hughson, 2013). Wellness is identified to be ‘holistic’, and includes 6 dimensions, social, occupational, spiritual, physical, intellectual and emotional wellness (Southern New Hampshire University, 2015). Using the wellness model, we are able to support Molly by helping her make positive changes that improve her level of health. By promoting one of the principles ‘Wellness is an active process,’ Molly will be provided with assistance and education that will expand her knowledge, permitting her to learn more about how to manage her leg ulcer, and learn different ways in handling her health concerns, increasing her independence (Southern New Hampshire University, 2015). Another principle that we can promote for Molly is Ã¢â‚¬Ë œPositivity is empowerment’. This principle takes into consideration ones feelings, meaning that having a negative attitude can affect the health outcome, whereas, having a positive attitude can help the patient feel empowered and in control of a situation (Southern New Hampshire University, 2015). Promoting the principle ‘Positivity is empowerment’ for Molly will motivate her into making significant changes in her health without having the need to doubt herself in her decisions. Positivity has a great effect to how Molly perceives her situation whereas; having a negative effect can bring her down and impact on her healing (Southern New Hampshire University, 2015). Health care providers will also be there to support Molly in anything that she will need and reassure her if things don’t go to plan. Within Australia, the incidence of diabetes amongst the adults is 4%, this rate has risen from 1.5% since 1989 (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2015). There are two main issues that are related to insulin in type 2 diabetes, the inability of the body to secrete insulin and insulin resistance. Normally, insulin would bind to receptors on cell surfaces and initiates a reaction that is involved in glucose metabolism. However, in type 2 diabetes, this process is impeded, which leads insulin less effective at stimulating glucose uptake by the tissues and the release of glucose in the liver (Farrell Dempsey, 2011).A factor that may have caused Molly’s leg ulcer is the loss of sensory due to neuropathy. Pain and temperature are the first sensations that are affected by neuropathy, this makes it difficult for the patient to feel tissue damage, inflammation, or injury (Meiner, 2014). Molly’s eyesight may be deteriorating due to diabetic retinopathy (DR). This is mai nly caused because of micro vascular damage that diabetes inflicts in the body. Hyperglycemia  damages the retinal vasculature and the progression of retinopathy is caused by the severity and duration of high blood sugars (Shah, 2008). Both a physiotherapist and a dietician would be recommended to assist Molly on her health issue. The physiotherapist would be involved in renewing her mobility and relieve any pain that she may be feeling, a dietician will be able to introduce Molly to a new healthy eating diet (Funnel, Koutoukidis, Lawrence, 2009). Eating healthier can promote wound healing, as her blood sugar levels will be manageable increasing the blood supply to her feet (Diabetes Australia, 2015). Molly can be taught how to look after her leg ulcer by demonstrating how to treat and prevent infections. A way we can teach her is by using very simple verbal discussion and demonstrations so that she is able to understand. If she is unable to understand what is discussed, she can be provided with information sheets or pamphlets with large writing and pictures showing her instructions. By doing this it will help Molly understand on how to keep her ulcer clean and prevent further infections. This is a very important skill to have if she is unable to access a clinical facility, Molly will be able to change her dressing on her own or with the help of her husband (The State of Queensland, 2012). A community program that Molly can be introduced to is The Leg Ulcer Prevention Program, which is available for people who are receiving care for leg ulcers. This program assists people to better care for their ulcer, by helping them manage chronic disease risk factors, promote wound healing and the reoccurrence of leg ulcers. This program also helps patients with treatment and helps them take ownership of their leg ulcer and self-care activities (Kapp, Miller, Donohue, 2010). An additional program that can be used to support Molly’s learning program is a pamphlet called ‘The Care of Venous Leg Ulcers’ this pamphlet is able to explain how essential it is to manage a leg ulcer and it clarifies how to care for it on a daily basis. This pamphlet must also be altered to meet Molly’s needs such as enlarging that word size so that she will be able to read more clearly (AWMA, 2012). Grief is described as feelings experienced by an individual that accompany an unexpected or actual loss that may occur in life (Farrell Dempsy, 2011). Supporting the spouse in this grieving situation is important. Developing a therapeutic relationship between the enrolled nurse and spouse can allow the spouse to feel comfortable and encouraged to communicate their feelings and work through it. This will allow the spouse to express their feelings of loss, even anger (Funnel, Koutoukidis, Lawrence, 2009). The nurse has to remember that if anger is shown, it is not towards them or anyone but a way of responding to the situation occurring. By encouraging the spouse to communicate and express their feelings of loss are important components of a nurse’s role. The nurse requires a caring, willingness to listen and an understanding empathic approach. If the nurse shows this, the person is more likely to feel comfortable to express their feelings if they feel the nurse is willing to listen to their concerns (Funnel, Koutoukidis, Lawrence, 2009). In a grieving situation the nurse cannot grieve for a person; the nurse will acknowledg e the loss, by facilitating the expression of feelings and thoughts and providing appropriate support as they move on the feelings of grieving. The nurse should respect the spouse if he is not willing to express his feelings of grief, although the nurse can make it clear that if he decides to do at a later opportunity it can be possible (Funnel, Koutoukidis, Lawrence, 2009). A service that would be recommended for Pat is Reach Out. Reach out (http://au.reachout.com/working-through-grief#strategies%20) is a service providing strategies and support to individuals who are going through grief, it will give Pat the reassurance that there are people out there, including his family who will be there to support him in this very difficult time. In conclusion Molly was able to receive all the appropriate care the she needed to address her health issue but unfortunately has passed away. Pat is currently under care with the support of family members and health care providers. References: Australian Wound Management Association (AWMA). (2012). Care of Venous Leg Ulcers. Retrieved from AWMA: http://www.awma.com.au/publications/vlu_patient_info_a4_2012-08-21.pdf Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2015). Diabetes. Retrieved from Authoritative information and statistics to promote better health and wellbeing: http://www.aihw.gov.au/diabetes/ Diabetes Australia. (2015). Diabetes and Your Feet. Retrieved from Diabetes Australia: https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/Living-with-Diabetes/MindBody/DiabetesYour-Feet/ Farrell, M., Dempsey, J. (2011). Smeltzer and Bare’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, volume 1 2 (2nd Edition). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins Funnel, R., Koutoukidis, G., Lawrence. (2009). Tabbner’s Nursing Care (5th Edition). Australia: Elsevier Kapp, S., Miller, C., Donohue, L. (2010). The Leg Ulcer Prevention Program: nurse perspectives on a multimedia client education package for people with venous leg ulcers. Wound Practice Research, 18(2), 91-99. Koutoukidis, G., Stainton, K., Hughson, J. (2013). Tabbner’s Nursing Care: Theory and Practice (6th Edition). Australia: Elsevier. Meiner, E. S. (2014). Gerontologic Nursing (5th Edition). Retrieved from https://books.google.com.au/books?id=V-4TBQAAQBAJpg=PA620dq=the+relationship+between+leg+ulcers+and+diabeteshl=ensa=Xei=TnMOVbq-MYKB8gW5r4HwAQved=0CDYQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepageqf=false Reach Out Australia. (2014). Working through grief. Retrieved from ReachOut.com: (http://au.reachout.com/working-through-grief#strategies%20) Shah, C. (2008). Diabetic retinopathy: A comprehensive review. Indian Journal Of Medical Sciences, 62(12), 500-519. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lib.monash.edu.au/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=Nonesort=RELEVANCEinPS=trueprodId=AONEuserGroupName=monashtabID=T002searchId=R1resultListType=RESULT_LISTcontentSegment=searchType=AdvancedSearchFormcurrentPosition=1contentSet=GALE%7CA195127190docId=GALE|A195127190docType=GALErole = Southern New Hampshire University (2015). Wellness Model. Retrieved from Southern New Hampshire University: http://www.snhu.edu/2354.asp The State of Queensland. (2012). A way with words: A guideline for the portrayal of people with disability. Retrieved from https://www.qld.gov.au/disability/documents/community/way-with-words.pdf

Thomas Hobbes Leviathan and the Fundamental Principle of a Society Ess

At the core of Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan rests one fundamental value of a society, from which Hobbes derives all other laws: the duty to self-preservation. At the same time, many of Hobbes’ claims rest on his assumption that there is very little difference between men in their physical and mental abilities. By these two ideas, Hobbes asserts that it is to the advantage of every individual’s duty to self- preservation to seek peace with all other men (Hobbes Ch. 13, p. 2). But, in reading this text we must ask ourselves: Does Hobbes consider what would happen if a person were both confident and skilled enough that he or she could subvert the confederate power of all other men? What difficulties might such a person present to the ethical solidarity of the Hobbesian state? To answer these questions, I will first deliver a short story that brings the ethical trustworthiness of the Hobbesian state into question. With this story I will then illuminate the flaws of the Hobbesian state, which can be traced back to its fundamental principle of self-preservation. Finally, I will present a different fundamental principle for the laws of a state, equal and fair love, enumerating its advantages. To begin, imagine the following story. In a time very similar to the current one but not our own, the state exists exactly as Hobbes had presented in The Leviathan. The Sovereign rules absolutely; every citizen holds the right of self-preservation as the fundamental value of their society; and Hobbes is remembered as a national hero. However, the nation currently suffers from a great recession, and many live in terrible poverty. Trusting all their rights to the state, the citizens cling to a hope for a better future. But among these citizens, no one is more passionate or more devout for the state than Aminta1. As a criminal investigator for the state police, Aminta has received plentiful training and experience which distinguishes her as an above-average individual in terms of general intelligence. However, Aminta possesses one great idiosyncrasy that sharply distinguishes her from the rest of her people. She 1 From the Greek word for â€Å"protector† or â€Å"defender† (English-Greek Dictionary) holds no fear or belief in God and believes there is only this life and its punishments. Aminta deems belief in the divine as the folklore... ...obbesian state. For one, there is nothing inherent to the preservation of one’s own freedom that would enable a man to have regard for another man’s well-being. Just like the duty to self-preservation, this principle may permit the American citizen to disregard the needs of his fellow man, so long as his freedoms have not been infringed. Thus, we begin to see the incredible influence Hobbes’ work has had in much of today’s political theory. If a state were to decide to alter its fundamental principle, it appears it would take years of pulling up bricks to lay the groundwork for a new fundamental principle. Equal and fair love may be more advantageous, but it would take incredible amounts of energy to implement in a state today. Works Cited Hobbes, Thomas. The English Works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury; Now First Collected and Edited by Sir William Molesworth, Bart. Vol. 3. London: Bohn, 1839-45. Electronic. Locke, John. The Works of John Locke in Nine Volumes. 12th ed. Vol. 4. London: Rivington, 1824. Electronic. â€Å"Defender,† â€Å"Protect.† English-Greek Dictionary. 2nd ed. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1959. Print.

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Between study group, debate, and chess tournaments there wasn’t much of a social scene around Winchester University in Omaha, Nebraska. The school year at this college was year round, but the students were given a 30 day summer vacation in July. The majority of the students went back home to visit their families during this time. But as juniors at the University Charles, Fredrick, and Stanley, all childhood buddies, decided it was time for a change and that they needed a little more spice in their life. Realizing that they were almost twenty-one and had never breached their comfort zone, they knew a road trip was in store.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As June came to an end the nearly grown men finished exams and planned to leave for their escapade the first day of July, also being the 1st day of break. They made a pact to keep the trip a secret until their return, for the main reason that their parents wouldn’t approve. If their families had any question as to why hey weren’t coming home to visit, they would simply say they were staying at the University to get ahead on the following year. This would be a reasonable lie, because no one would expect them to do any different.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The morning of their departure they loaded all the luggage and food that they could into Fredrick’s forest green Ford focus. Before they pulled out of the parking lot they had to lay some ground rules:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ~ No school attire   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ~ No proper English   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ~ No acting like themselves, only the new â€Å"cool† young adults that they were. Freddy, as they called him, established one last rule. They were to stop at four places and the rest of the time they were driving. This gave them a reasonable amount of time to live and get back to the University to start the New Year. And now†¦they were off†¦ As Freddy peeled out of the parking lot Charles, sitting in the passenger seat, turned on 93.3 KTNP modern rock.. The first 3 days of their trip were mainly getting out of the places they had seen time and time again. They didn’t experience much except for driving and eating as they reminisced on the past. Stopping frequently for Stanley’s immensely small bladder they reached about 50 miles the first few days. As they approached the evening on July 3rd they drove by a college, and decided to see if anyone would let them crash for the night.

Personal Conflict Essay

It was on January 2006 when I first set my feet in USA, a day I will live to remember. I was eighteen years old then and had just graduated from high school. I was the best student in my previous school so I got a scholarship to further my studies. Since childhood ,I was fascinated by people especially their cultures, religions and other aspects of their lives but what really amazed me was the way they communicated and the different languages that they used. My life had revolved around one language that was Arabic and therefore when this chance came I was very excited and without second thoughts took the opportunity to study English as my second language. I chose English because it was an international language and I knew it would help me communicate with many people from different parts of the World. More so, it was to be of great assistance to me especially in my stay in the USA. When this day came, I was amidst mixtures of feelings. Even though I was very excited, terror and confusion took the better part of me. The thought of leaving my parents and my younger siblings really terrified me and all of a sudden, I felt lonely. Earlier on after waking up, prayers had been arranged for me and all people wished me a safe journey to America. I was escorted by my friends and family members to the airport where they bid me farewell. This was my first time to travel from my home country and the first to travel in an airplane. While in the plane many thoughts crossed my mind. I thought about the people I would meet and wondered how they would receive me. I also thought about the college I would be enrolled to and my classmates to be . I wondered if there were people from my home place, how many will they be and above all how I would communicate since I was not familiar with English by then. I was in this state when suddenly an air hostess brought me some snacks . Tasty as they looked, I never took a bite. What I could not understand about the air hostess was that she appeared composed and friendly and completely unaware of my predicament. She was young, energetic and cheerful and nothing seemed to trouble her. Contrary, I was deep in confusion and uncertainty . I lost my appetite something which seldom happens to me. In fact , I rarely choose food and anything edible is good to me provided it is not harmful . More so, being the first time to travel by plane I was really uncomfortable and the experience was horrifying. At one time a thought of the aeroplane crushing crossed my mind and it really got me scared. Sleep never crossed my eyes during the whole journey and it took exactly fourteen hours to reach my destination. I arrived at the JFK airport in New York at around 10 pm . The night was chilly and many people wore heavy clothing to keep their bodies warm . I had carried a light jacket which I wore to protect myself from the cold . The environment was new and everything about this place seemed new to me. I was really getting more and more confused and thought it was even better when I was in the plane. My light jacket did not seem to be of much help to me because the cold weather was getting the better of me. Though out of place, a thought crossed my mind. I wondered of how it used to be unusually hot at home and how I had adapted to that kind of climate. I wondered how long would it take for me to get used to this new environment. I do not know exactly how long I had been standing there but what I recall is that I found myself all alone, confused, scared and lost and attracting some policemen. I felt out of place and the way they were looking at me was scaring. Did they see me as a terrorist or something? I never got to answer that question because one of them came directly to where I was and asked whether I was Mr. Mohammed. Though at first I could not understand what he was driving at, the mention of my name made me realize he was out to find me. Upon receiving my answer, he took my passport and asked me to follow him. They took me to one isolated room where they begun interrogating me. Little did they know that I could not understand whatever they were talking about. From their faces I could tell they were suspicious of something. One police officer who was taller than the rest and had a pointed nose with glaring eyes called the others and got outside of the room. I heard them whispering but could not tell what they were discussing. I do not know exactly what transpired but the moment they came in I sensed danger. I was forced to take off my clothes which apart from being humiliating experience it really made me nervous. They might have thought that I had some atomic bomb with me. What made me extremely terrified was the way they were pointing guns at me. For a moment I thought I was going to die. Here I was, people back at home hoping the best for me but not having a clue of the deadly situation I was in at that particular time. The thought of my mum losing me, made me collapse and when I came back to my senses, I was bed ridded in a hospital. At the hospital I got acquinted to the nurse who was taking care of me . She was a very caring and pleasant lady. She did not like it when I told her (she understood me inspite the language barrier) how the policemen had treated me . She failed to understand how people sometimes could be so inhumane. It was from her that I learnt of how I ended up in an hospital and she also told me that our embassy had been contacted. All this she claimed was through the concerted effort of the management of the hospital . Through her kindness and assurance that all will be well, I was beginning to have hope that things would be better for me. I failed to understand how things could contradict themselves. It was simply not easy to relate the caring and treatment I received from the hospital with the ‘reception’ I received from the policemen. I had been at the hospital overnight and I got discharged at around 10 am in the morning. This happened when the Saudi Arabian embassy sent one of its agents to intervene . All was set right and I could not believe it when one policeman was sent to apologize on the behalf of the others and he even offered us a ride to a hotel. The ride was short but I did not fail to notice how the roads were smooth and carefully constructed. If it were home the journey would have taken a little bit longer because most of them need to be tarmacked and they are dusty. When I arrived at the hotel, I took a bathe, had lunch and then slept after 28 good hours of unrest. I woke up at around 10 pm and realized I was all alone, the agent from the Saudi Arabian embassy had promised to drop by the following morning to pick me up. He had informed me that he would take me to his house and where I would be staying for awhile while we sort matters out. I could not get sleep that night. All my thoughts directed to the kind of life I was to lead in the USA. Foremost, being an Arab and a Muslim I wondered where mosques could be found and whether I would learn to communicate in English. Also I thought about the encounter with the policemen and realized the matter had been made complex due to ineffective communications. All these and other thoughts ran across my mind through out the night. In spite uncertainty facing me, I kept on hoping believing and having faith that everything will turn out right for me and I would enjoy my stay in the USA and eventually make it my home. It has been three years now since I arrived in the USA. A lot of things have changed mostly with me trying to catch up with the American way of life. I have made new friends from different backgrounds and we assist each other in times of troubles. Even though I am different in my culture, religion and way of thinking, I get along with others through their support and understanding.